Highway–rail grade crossing (HRGC) incidents remain a persistent safety concern due to repeated interactions between roadway users and rail operations under varying environmental and operational conditions.
Last-mile parcel delivery remains a major challenge in rural areas where unpaved roads, long travel distances, and sparse demand limit the efficiency of truck-based logistics. This research provides a practical, data-driven framework for statewide drone logistics planning and demonstrates how rural states can benefit from advanced air mobility solutions.
Efficient last-mile delivery remains a critical challenge for rural agricultural logistics, globally, particularly in cold-climate regions with dispersed agricultural operations. Truck–drone hybrids can reduce delivery times but face payload limits, cold-weather battery loss, and beyond-visual-line-of-sight regulations.
Bridges are critical nodes in freight networks, yet limited funding prevents agencies from maintaining all structures in good condition. This creates the need for a transparent and scalable method to identify which bridges pose the greatest risk to supply chain continuity.
