Escherichia coli (E. coli) is often used as an indicator organism to quantify the microbial safety of natural water resources. E. coli in stormwater runoff can cause serious health risks in natural water bodies. Conventional stormwater best management practices are generally not effective at removing...

Construction of highways usually requires large areas of land disturbance, which may result in accelerated soil erosion. The stormwater runoff from highway construction sites typically contains a large amount of fine particles that are difficult to remove using conventional best management practices....