Escherichia coli (E. coli) in stormwater is a significant environmental concern as it indicates potential contamination from fecal matter, raising risks for both human and aquatic health. Conventional stormwater best management practices are generally not effective at removing E. coli from stormwater...

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is often used as an indicator organism to quantify the microbial safety of natural water resources. E. coli in stormwater runoff can cause serious health risks in natural water bodies. Conventional stormwater best management practices are generally not effective at removing...

Stormwater runoff generated in urban areas can increase the risks of flooding and contaminate surface waters. Various contaminants carried by stormwater runoff can negatively affect the water quality of receiving water bodies. Many of the conventional stormwater best management practices are designed...